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设计模式之职责链和解析器

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设计模式基础(13):职责链&解析器

包含职责链&解析器两种模式中的C++示例代码、面向的问题、图解两种模式核心思想

职责链

面向的需求

请求&处理对象的解耦合，当有多个处理对象，但是只有某一个处理具体请求。可采用职责链模式。

示例代码

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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
enum class RequestType
{
    REQ_HANDLER1,
    REQ_HANDLER2,
    REQ_HANDLER3
};

class Reqest
{
    string description;
    RequestType reqType;
public:
    Reqest(const string & desc, RequestType type) : description(desc), reqType(type) {}
    RequestType getReqType() const { return reqType; }
    const string& getDescription() const { return description; }
};

class ChainHandler{  
    ChainHandler *nextChain;
    void sendReqestToNextHandler(const Reqest & req)
    {
        if (nextChain != nullptr)
            nextChain->handle(req);
    }
protected:
    virtual bool canHandleRequest(const Reqest & req) = 0;
    virtual void processRequest(const Reqest & req) = 0;
public:
    ChainHandler() { nextChain = nullptr; }
    void setNextChain(ChainHandler *next) { nextChain = next; }
     
    void handle(const Reqest & req)
    {
        if (canHandleRequest(req))
            processRequest(req);
        else
            sendReqestToNextHandler(req);
    }
};

class Handler1 : public ChainHandler{
protected:
    bool canHandleRequest(const Reqest & req) override
    {
        return req.getReqType() == RequestType::REQ_HANDLER1;
    }
    void processRequest(const Reqest & req) override
    {
        cout << "Handler1 is handle reqest: " << req.getDescription() << endl;
    }
};
        
class Handler2 : public ChainHandler{
protected:
    bool canHandleRequest(const Reqest & req) override
    {
        return req.getReqType() == RequestType::REQ_HANDLER2;
    }
    void processRequest(const Reqest & req) override
    {
        cout << "Handler2 is handle reqest: " << req.getDescription() << endl;
    }
};

class Handler3 : public ChainHandler{
protected:
    bool canHandleRequest(const Reqest & req) override
    {
        return req.getReqType() == RequestType::REQ_HANDLER3;
    }
    void processRequest(const Reqest & req) override
    {
        cout << "Handler3 is handle reqest: " << req.getDescription() << endl;
    }
};

int main(){
    Handler1 h1;  Handler2 h2;   Handler3 h3;
    h1.setNextChain(&h2);  h2.setNextChain(&h3);
    
		Reqest req("process task ... ", RequestType::REQ_HANDLER3);
    h1.handle(req);
    return 0;
}

代码思想图示

职责链

关键点

  • 注意职责链的构建，逻辑上的传递。

解析器

面向的需求

  • 将某些变化非常频繁的领域表达为某种语法规则下的句子，然后采用一套通用的规则来处理这些语句。

示例代码

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#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <stack>

using namespace std;

class Expression {
public:
    virtual int interpreter(map<char, int> var)=0;
    virtual ~Expression(){}
};

//变量表达式
class VarExpression: public Expression {
    
    char key;
    
public:
    VarExpression(const char& key)
    {
        this->key = key;
    }
    
    int interpreter(map<char, int> var) override {
        return var[key];
    }
    
};

//符号表达式
class SymbolExpression : public Expression {
    
    // 运算符左右两个参数
protected:
    Expression* left;
    Expression* right;
    
public:
    SymbolExpression( Expression* left,  Expression* right):
        left(left),right(right){
        
    }
    
};

//加法运算
class AddExpression : public SymbolExpression {
    
public:
    AddExpression(Expression* left, Expression* right):
        SymbolExpression(left,right){
        
    }
    int interpreter(map<char, int> var) override {
        return left->interpreter(var) + right->interpreter(var);
    }
    
};

//减法运算
class SubExpression : public SymbolExpression {
    
public:
    SubExpression(Expression* left, Expression* right):
        SymbolExpression(left,right){
        
    }
    int interpreter(map<char, int> var) override {
        return left->interpreter(var) - right->interpreter(var);
    }
    
};

Expression*  analyse(string expStr) {
    
    stack<Expression*> expStack;
    Expression* left = nullptr;
    Expression* right = nullptr;
    for(int i=0; i<expStr.size(); i++)
    {
        switch(expStr[i])
        {
            case '+':
                // 加法运算
                left = expStack.top();
                right = new VarExpression(expStr[++i]);
                expStack.push(new AddExpression(left, right));
                break;
            case '-':
                // 减法运算
                left = expStack.top();
                right = new VarExpression(expStr[++i]);
                expStack.push(new SubExpression(left, right));
                break;
            default:
                // 变量表达式
                expStack.push(new VarExpression(expStr[i]));
        }
    }
   
    Expression* expression = expStack.top();

    return expression;
}

void release(Expression* expression){
    
    //释放表达式树的节点内存...
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    
    
    string expStr = "a+b-c+d-e";
    map<char, int> var;
    var.insert(make_pair('a',5));
    var.insert(make_pair('b',2));
    var.insert(make_pair('c',1));
    var.insert(make_pair('d',6));
    var.insert(make_pair('e',10));

    
    Expression* expression= analyse(expStr);
    
    int result=expression->interpreter(var);
    
    cout<<result<<endl;
    
    release(expression);
    
    return 0;
}

代码思想图示

解析器

关键点

  • 明确解析器模式只适用于变化频繁且规则相对简单的情况
  • 当语法规则繁琐时，面向对象的类图关系将非常复杂。当前多采用语法分析生成器这样的标准工具